TBI Photo Essay: The Varied Hues of Indigenous Art in India

TBI Photo Essay: The Varied Hues of Indigenous Art in India

Elegant black stone pottery from Manipur. Karnataka’s intriguing Chittara paintings. The intricate weaves and stitches of Kashmir. These were some of the items on display and sale at the annual Craft Mela (fair) hosted by Kala Madhyam, a Bangalore based non-governmental organization (NGO) that promotes traditional artisans and their work. This colourful fiesta was held at Karnataka Chitrakala Parishath, a reputed art and craft institution in the city.

It is a well known fact that human diversity is inherent in India apart from the differences in geography, ecology, flora, fauna et al. Our social and cultural variety is not only visible in the multiple languages spoken, the many faiths that are practised but also in the innumerable arts and crafts of the country. Artisans in each state or region of this vast land have been linked with their unique traditional paintings, sculpture, pottery, weaving, embroidery or printing. They have been producing these works from one or more materials like metal, wood, clay, bamboo, stone or thread for generations. It is important to note that the handiwork is often their only source of livelihood. Although the work does not fetch enough returns and the government does not support most of them through subsidies or incentives, they continue to practice their craft. This is because the knowledge is passed on to them through their family elders and they have been on the job from a young age. Further, they do not possess other skills. Of course, in some instances, the current young generation is seeking other opportunities and avenues for employment while assisting their families in the craft.

A look at some of the people and their lovely work:

Shimoga's Chittara art - Karnataka
Radha Sullur from Sagar taluk in Shimoga district of north western Karnataka has been involved in Chittara art from an early age. This young state awardee learnt the craft by observing and assisting the women in her family. Chittara art consists of drawings from rice paste made on bamboo trays, paper, mud walls, clay containers et al. The designs are sometimes coloured with a natural substance obtained by crushing specific seeds.

Wood is usually associated with fire and carpentry. But national awarding winning artist Mohammad Ayyub has been carving artistic patterns on blocks of Sheesham or Indian rosewood from his youth. Based in Farukkhabad district in western Uttar Pradesh, men have been engaged in this once lucrative craft since the 1700's.

Kashmir is as famous for its Pashmina shawls as for its scenic beauty, apples and snow. Jolly Yusuf, a weaver for over three decades revealed how the exquisite Sozni patterns are embroidered over a period of a few weeks or months by skilled people from Uri in Baramulla district. Incidentally, these crafts-persons whose needlework dates back to over 500 years, are also seasonal farmers.

Black stone pottery is unique to Longpi village in north-eastern Manipur according to Presley Ngasainao who acquired crafting skills from the older ladies in her household. Cooking and storage containers are fashioned by hand or out of moulds filled with a paste made from crushed black serpentite stone and weathered rock mixed with water. These are then heated in a kiln and polished with special leaves.

Bracelets, necklaces, anklets and bangles fashioned out of “oxidized silver” have been often considered affordable and trendy. And the Bijapur and Bidar districts of northern Karnataka are among the places which are popular for this craft that can be traced back to the period of the Bahmani sultans who ruled the area in the 14th and 15th centuries.

The Santhals are among the largest and oldest adivasi (tribal) groups in the Indian subcontinent. Spread through Assam, West Bengal, Odisha, Jharkhand, Bihar, Nepal and Bangladesh, they are known for their distinct language, music, art and totemistic rituals. Their belief in natural spirits and high regard for animals and birds is evident in their craft for which bamboo, wood, animal hide or metal is typically used.

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